Understanding The basic of Translation

Understanding The basic of Translation

Before mastering translation, it is better if we discuss about the definition of translation first. There are some definitions of translation: 

1. Translation is a craft consisting in the attempt to replace a written message and statement in one language by the same message and in another language (Newmark, 1973)
2. Translating consist in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message. Firt in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style (Eugene A. Nida and Charles R Taber, 1969)
3. According to Wolfram Wilss, there are three definitions of translation:

a.Translator-based definition. 
Translation is a process in the course of which a translator reproduces In a sequence of textualy based code-switching operations a SL (Source Language) message in a TL (Target Language). Thus the translator makes the Source Language message accessible and understandable to the Target Language recipient. In terms of communication science, the translator represents a combination of two communicative functions, Source Language recipient and Target Language sender.

b. Text-based definition
Translation Is a transfer process which aims at the transformation of a witlen Source Language text (SLT) into an optimally equivalent TL text. and which requires syntactic, the semantic and the pragmatic understanding and analytical processing of the Source Language text.

c. Computer-based definition
Translation is a process of computer programmed substitution of the Source Language sign combinations by Target Language sign combinations. It goes without saying that this procedure works only if a computer can restrict it self to the handling of texts which consist of syntactically simple. semantically unambiguous. pragmatically neutral, and (in the interlingual sense) largely standardized text segments (or text modules) It works only If the Source Language text, prior to is machine transfer, has been brought by appropriate manipulations, into a form, which allows the application of straightforward 'matching’ procedure on the basis of one to one correspondences between text input and the linguistic data stored in the computer.

Based on the definitions above, basically, the definitions of translation Is a transfer process of language from Source Language into Target Language.