The INSIGHT of Translation

The INSIGHT of Translation

Scope of translation included the language skill and also the cumulative skill. To make a good translation, a translator must be able in: 

1. Vocabulary
2. Part of speech
3. Structure
4. Linguistics:

• Phonology:

• Phonetics
• Phonemics
• Morphology

• Syntax
• Semantic
• Sociolinguistics
• Psycholinguistics

Vocabulary is the total number of words with meaning in a language and all the words known to a person or used in a particular book, subject, etc. Part of speech is each of the class into which the words of a language are divided according to grammar, example: noun, adjectives, verb.

Structure is the rules in a language for changing the forms of words and combining them into sentence. Linguistics is the scientific study of language or of particular languages.

Phonology is the study of speech sound in particular languages. Phonetics is the study of speech sound and their production. Phonemics is the study of the set of smallest distinctive speech sounds in a language that distinguish one word from another (phoneme). Morphology is the study of the forms of words.

Syntax is the study of the rues of grammar for the arrangement of words into phrases and of phrases into sentences. Semantic is the technical term used to refer to the study of meaning and since is a part of language, semantics is a part of linguistics.

Sociolinguistics is the scientific of language connected by the nature and development of society and social behavior. Psycholinguistics is the study of language about how it functions.

The basic of translation is linguistics because translation theory derives from comparative linguistics and within linguistics, it is mainly an aspect of semantic. All questions of semantic related to translation. Besides it, Sociolinguistics, which investigated the social register of language and the problems of language in contact in the same neighboring countries, has a continuous bearing on translation theory.

How to Translate Sentences.

How to Translate Sentences.

Remember that the smallest unit of expression is the sentence, not the word. A single word does not by itself convey a meaning; it expresses an idea, but not a thought. Just as we have to combine ideas into thoughts in order to think, so words are combined into sentence to express our thought. A word derives its significance only from the context in which it is used; it has no fixed meaning of its own. Even a sentence partly derives its full meaning from its neighboring sentences, for the various parts of a continuous sentences prose passage influence each other.

Reproducing the same image in the Target Language

Reproducing the same image in the Target Language

Reproducing the same image in the Target Language provided the image has comparable frequency and currency in the appropriate register. The special case of animals abuse, for example, 'you son of the bitch' or 'you swine', whilst 'you son of a kangaroo' or 'you polar bear'.

Now one notes that animal metaphors or metonymy ( I saw the cow coming) are untranslatable, but have connotations provided they are unmarked for sex or age.
Domestic animal like dogs, cats, sheep, donkey, goats, cows, while they are like individually, like slaves, women, kaffirs, foreigners, servants and the working classes, are intrinsically inferior to men and represent inferior qualities: knavery, spite, stupidity, lechery, ugliness in English, but different qualities in other language. Horses, the royal animal, are strong in English, healthy and diligent in French and possibly hard working in German.

Animals more remote from our lives may be more objectively described: tigers, wolves, hyenas, lions, elephants, bears, rhinos at least none are stupid, but all have special connotations: a lion is a brave in French, the center of attraction in German and English. A tiger is fierce in English and German but more sly and cunning in French. An elephant is clumsy, insensitive and never forgets in any Western European language. All due to his appearance and perhaps length of word, not to fact in Russian, he has no connotations.

Understanding The basic of Translation

Understanding The basic of Translation

Before mastering translation, it is better if we discuss about the definition of translation first. There are some definitions of translation: 

1. Translation is a craft consisting in the attempt to replace a written message and statement in one language by the same message and in another language (Newmark, 1973)
2. Translating consist in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message. Firt in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style (Eugene A. Nida and Charles R Taber, 1969)
3. According to Wolfram Wilss, there are three definitions of translation:

a.Translator-based definition. 
Translation is a process in the course of which a translator reproduces In a sequence of textualy based code-switching operations a SL (Source Language) message in a TL (Target Language). Thus the translator makes the Source Language message accessible and understandable to the Target Language recipient. In terms of communication science, the translator represents a combination of two communicative functions, Source Language recipient and Target Language sender.

b. Text-based definition
Translation Is a transfer process which aims at the transformation of a witlen Source Language text (SLT) into an optimally equivalent TL text. and which requires syntactic, the semantic and the pragmatic understanding and analytical processing of the Source Language text.

c. Computer-based definition
Translation is a process of computer programmed substitution of the Source Language sign combinations by Target Language sign combinations. It goes without saying that this procedure works only if a computer can restrict it self to the handling of texts which consist of syntactically simple. semantically unambiguous. pragmatically neutral, and (in the interlingual sense) largely standardized text segments (or text modules) It works only If the Source Language text, prior to is machine transfer, has been brought by appropriate manipulations, into a form, which allows the application of straightforward 'matching’ procedure on the basis of one to one correspondences between text input and the linguistic data stored in the computer.

Based on the definitions above, basically, the definitions of translation Is a transfer process of language from Source Language into Target Language.